Efeitos de extratos vegetais "in vitro" no desenvolvimento de Aspergillus flavus e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de amendoim.

Abstract

The fungus Aspergillus flavus cause deterioration of seeds and grains in storage and produce toxins that affect the human and animal health. Natural products as essential oils and plant extracts have been tested or applied instead fungicides to eliminate or reduce the negative effects of synthetics fungicides. This work was realized employing extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and a commercial product, cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and apian (Allium sativum), in the proportions of 1, 10, 25. 50 and 100% aiming to evaluate "'in vitro" effects on the development of A. flavus and physiological quality of treated peanut seeds. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of Phytopathology/Federal University of Paraíba, Areia-Paraiba State-Brazil. The fungi conidia were immersed in the extracts solutions and observed to germination evaluation. Suspensions of conidia and discs of mycelium (2mm diameter) were planted in PotatoDextrose-Agar (PDA) aditioned of extracts solution to verify respectively the numbers of originated colonies (UFC) and mycelium growth. Peanut seeds cv. before and after inoculated with A. flavus conidia suspensions were treated with extracts solutions and evaluated about fungai incidence. and physiological qualities (germination and index of germination velocity - IVG). The statistical analyses were realized as an entirely randomized factorial design defined according the assays characteristics. The extracts shown fungicides and, or fungistatic effects to spores germination. numbers of UFC and mycelia growth but with variations according the origin (plant) and proportion of extract. Conidia immersed into cinnamon extract at the proportions of 10, 25, 50 and 100% and in neem commercial extract at the proportions of 1 and 10% did not germinate. AIso the cinnamon extract at the proportions of 10, 25, 50 and 100% when eddied to PDA cultural media reduced the numbers of UFC. The mycelia growth do not verified on PDA cultural media with the extracts at the proportions of 50 and 100%. Used in seed treatment the extracts presented more eradication effects than protective effects. The peanut seeds treated after the fungai inoculation presented the higher germination and IVG