A gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos no município de Cuité/PB, numa perspectiva de atendimento à política nacional dos resíduos sólidos.

Abstract

When reality communities was primarily linked to the disposal of organic material, namely, food waste, fruit and wood bark, the nature possessed reasonable terms of uptake and degradation of organic waste, but from the moment the society change their habits and begins to consume more and more disposable products and processed foods, the situation changes completely. Because it is an eminently urban activity, industrialization accelerated the expansion of cities, promoted the rural exodus and stimulated the concentration of population in urban areas, which also resulted in increased consumption of goods and commodities, consequently, increased demand of raw materials and an ongoing process of generation of solid waste. In the specific case of Cuité/PB, the city is facing similar problem. To address the issue, the research has among its objectives: to evaluate and make a socio-environmental diagnosis, aiming to measure the limitations of solid waste management in the municipality, by reference, the National Policy of Solid Waste. Law 12.305 / 10, the filing of thinking alternatives to mitigate environmental problems identified in the sector. The methodological assumptions for the data collection in the field were referenced, from the production of interview forms, with semi-structured questions, applied with the public involved in the activity, which is formed specifically by: collectors, managers and population. Another phase of the research, was the quartering of local solid waste for gravimetric analysis of materials. As for the results, it is observed that the local management, meets 100% collection in urban areas, but for lack of a management that organize and integrate a planned manner, the steps that make up the activity: segregation, sorting and storage of recyclable materials, solid waste, are still destined to landfill, which receives on average 65 ton./week, resulting in over 85% of the materials fortnightly being buried underground on site. What causes a constant production of methane and manure, as well as an intense process of environmental degradation. An important fact is that the work of collectors, promotes the return of approximately 14% of the materials, the recycling industry. The conclusion is that in addition to the percentage of inorganic returning the supply chain, a significant fraction of organic waste is destined for feeding livestock. The aggravating factor is that only part of this waste is collected at the source, the rest are culled at the dump, most often in an advanced process of degradation.