Tipologia de governança e sua contribuição para a sustentabilidade da atividade turística: uma análise no destino turístico do Conde-PB.

Abstract

Governance is related to the adoption of management mechanisms which may create favorable conditions for interaction between the various social actors involved, these conditions being contributory to generate sustainable development. In tourism, governance emerges as a development strategy from a process of coordination of actors, social groups, various institutions and entities so as to achieve collective benefits through the exercise of shared power between them. Based on these considerations, the aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between governance and the sustainability from a tourism destination located in the municipality of Conde - PB. The main economic activity of this region is related to tourism. In terms of theoretical support, a model was used in order to assess the governance of tourism. Referred to as the typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis, the model was proposed by Hall (2011) who identifies four types of governance, namely: Hierarchy; Community; Network; and Market. From a structure of 12 core elements, it is possible to identify which of these four types of governance the investigated tourism destination can be classified in to. To analyze the sustainability of the tourism in the locality, it was crucial to consider the results obtained from the application of the System of Sustainability Indicator for Tourist Destiny – SISDTur, proposed by Lacerda (2011). In methodological terms, it is a descriptive and exploratory study, using quantitative and qualitative methods for the application of variables and analysis criteria which were proposed. The results from the classification of the governance in Conde present more characteristics of the market type. As for the sustainability of tourism in the tourist destination, the SISDTur showed that there is not a greater balance between the dimensions of the sustainable tourism, in that, of the six dimensions evaluated, only two were positively assessed for sustainability: the economic and institutional dimensions. Thus, it was considered that the tourist destination of Conde is partially unsustainable regarding the development of tourism. The results show that the current governance model has not contributed to the city's sustainability. The classification of tourism governance into the typologies made it possible to identify the indicators which affect negatively the sustainability of the analyzed tourist destination, thereby allowing a better understanding of the actions needed to promote sustainable development of local tourism.