Programa de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PPSA) para gestão dos recursos hídricos no semiárido.

Abstract

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 puts the environment in the fundamental low category, whose effectiveness would depend the determinations adopted by the Public Power,, such as, the obligation to husband and to restore the essential ecologic processes and provide the ecological management of the species and ecosystems. To achieve these requirements the low provides several instruments to defend and protect the environment, which are divided into command and control and economic instruments, according to the low 6.938/81 article 9º. The low 12.651/2012 article 4º item I established the Payment for Environmental Services (PES), which consists of the compensation, monetary or not, the conservation and improvement activities of the ecosystems that create environmental services, determining in its § 5º, of the same low, the creation of a federal and state environmental service market, been obligation of the Executive Power authorize and establish support programs and incentives to the environmental conservation, with the adoption of technologies and practices that both adopt economic activity and environmental impact reduction, with the objective to promote sustainable development. The present study aims to investigate the actions that can contribute to the implementation of a Payment for Environmental Service Program (PPSA) encouraging the adoption of conservation practices of the hydric resources in the semi-arid, using as study area the Epitacio Pessoa dam in Campina Grande State of Paraiba. The study was conducted using a comparative method, by the analyzes of a single case, of a global structure and data were collected using literature, documents a field research. The results indicate that the PES is an effective instrument, although it presents some problems in its interpretation, which is common in all environmental instruments. Comparing New York and Costa Rica PES and the one implanted in Brazil it was possible to identify benefits and impediments.. It was evident that, even thought are necessary adjustments regarding to the implemented actions, the environmental gain is bigger which shows the relevance of the propose of the PPSA in the studied area, adapting to its environmental conditions. Therefore, it was identified that the implementation of the PPSA for the hydric resource management in the area of the Epitacio Pessoa dam is feasible, not in all the terms of the Water Producer Program, established by the ANA according to PSA concept, once, the local environmental and socioeconomic conditions require the adoption of other practices that go beyond the conservation of the area around the dam.