Arcabouços de quitosana/agente antineoplásico: síntese, caracterização e aplicação.

Abstract

The neoplasias are a group of disorders characterized by an abnormal mass of tissue which has uncontrolled and excessive growth when compared to normal tissue. According to their biological behavior, they can be classified as benign or malignant (cancer). According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), it is expected that there will be 576,000 new cancer cases in Brazil during 2014 and 2015. The fight against cancer is done with preventive measures, early diagnosis and treatment. The controlled release system of drugs through the use of polymeric biomaterials associated with the compounds that have an antineoplastic action can be used as an alternative treatment for this disease. Thus, this work has as the objective, the synthesis and characterization of chitosan scaffolds used as carriers for antitumor drugs (1,4 Naftoquinona), whose release rate can be controlled by using a crosslinking agent such as sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), with the prospect of making a controlled release system for antitumor drugs. The method comprises in the solubility of chitosan in acetic acid, drug addition, freezing the material, lyophilization and crosslinking with TPP. All samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Enzymatic Biodegradation. The Microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of porous scaffolds of chitosan (Q), chitosan with TPP (CT), chitosan with 1.4 - Naftoquinona (QN) and chitosan with TPP and 1.4 - Naftoquinona (QNT). EDS showed the presence of chemical elements such as sodium, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. The crosslinking of the scaffolds, proven by FTIR, XRD, Thermogravimetry, Degree of Swelling and EDS, increased its rate of degradation thereof, as demonstrated by the Enzymatic Biodegradation test. The incorporation of the drug was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, Degree of Swelling and Thermogravimetry. Thus, it can be concluded that there was the formation of crosslinked and non-crosslinked porous scaffolds, with morphological and physicochemical properties that can contribute to the carrying of antineoplastic drugs, being possible to control their degradation rate and consequently drug release.