Análise de componentes tóxicos em resíduos sólidos urbanos.

Abstract

Solid waste deemed hazardous, although they may be present in small amounts in the composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), feature importance, since they contribute to toxicity of the environment in which they live. Among the hazardous waste fractions present in MSW, the metals are at greatest concern because they have intrinsic characteristics that can cause extensive damage to public health and the environment. In addition, the byproducts generated by the decomposition of the waste can also cause deleterious effects to the environment, like the nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia, which at high levels, it is toxic, hindering the degradation processes. Therefore, the search for alternative technologies for proper management of MSW and understanding of their behavior after disposal has meant that more and more studies are developed for this purpose. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the effect of the toxic components present in municipal solid waste in the city of Campina Grande - PB, after its disposal in an experimental cell. The experiment consisted of the construction, instrumentation, development of statistical planning and completing an experimental cell simulating a landfill cell at full scale. After filling, the physical characterization of waste was carried out and samples were collected every month to monitor the behavior of physicalchemical, microbiological and mineralogical parameters as well as the influence of toxicity in MSW, along the time and depth. The results showed that the waste from the city of Campina Grande - PB, according to NBR 10.004 / 2004 can be classified as hazardous waste (Class I). However, this affects the hazardous biodegradation process, since the microorganisms have the ability to adapt to adverse conditions and therefore resist the effects that can cause toxic compounds. In short, the MSW in the city of Campina Grande - PB have potentially toxic to the environment and public health, but they are not toxic to the degradative activity that occurs within the mass of solid waste.