Diagnóstico da degradação ambiental do açude Bodocongó em Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The reservoir of Bodocongo is located in the city of Campina Grande in the Northeasterner semi-arid , in the mesoregion of the agreste of Paraiba, oriental zone of the Plateau of Borborema, in the basin of Medium Paraiba, with south latitude of 07th 13 * 50 " and longitude west of 35th 52 ' 52 ". It was built in 1917 in the confluence of the Bodocongo river with the river Caracois, aiming at increasing the availability of water for provisioning of this municipal district, as measure for avoiding the shortage of water in the area, once the Acude Novo (New Reservoir) and the Acude Velho (Old Reservoir) weren't able to supply the hydric needs of the population any longer. Nowadays it has been suffering intense transformations impelled by the urbanization and industrial development, through the installation of industries and construction of homes, thus it is suffering countless aggressions, which is common in urban centers, as for instance: invasions of areas of permanent protection, pollution of hydric resources, disordered growth of neighborhoods and occupation of areas without planning, immoderate use of water, release of sewers, alteration of the drainage, erosion, among others; facts that can endanger the sustainability of any ecosystem. This work had as objective to diagnose the degradation processes practiced along this reservoir and to monitor the quality o f the water of the reservoir of Bodocongo. For this purpose were used: geoprocessing - digital analysis of images, photographic registrations, field visits, and analysis of the parameters of water quality (physical, chemical and biological), which were analyzed through the standard methodology APHA (1995), in the years of 2006 and 2007. The obtained results were correlated with the effective environmental legislation and the technical literature, seeking to understand the dynamics and the systematic of this hydric resource, since it has multiple uses, such as: primary-contact leisure, irrigation, creation o f fish, landscape harmony, as well as to subsidize the public administration with information that guide the sustainable handling of this vital resource for the city of Campina Grande. The results demonstrated that the water of the dam is highly degraded by anthropic activities, out of the limits established by the Environmental Legislation, being incompatible with the uses to which it is destinated. The obtained results were correlated with the effective environmental legislation and the technical literature, seeking to understand the dynamics and the systematic of this hydric resource, since it has multiple uses, such as: primary-contact leisure, irrigation, creation of fish, landscape harmony, as well as to subsidize the public administration with information that guide the sustainable handling of this vital resource for the city of Campina Grande. The results demonstrated that the water of the reservoir is highly degraded by anthropic activities, out of the limits established by the Environmental Legislation, being incompatible with the uses to which it is destinated. Therefore, the control of the various degradation processes, through educational campaigns (environmental education) and later a rigorous fiscalization is made necessary, once this hydric resource is used in multiple ways by the local community and industries installed in its sorroundings.