Revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos e laboratoriais da dengue no Brasil.

Abstract

By analyzing all elements which determine dengue, all constituents that encompass this disease, it is noticeable that the illness indeed represents a challenge to public health, since it is one of the most frequent in the world and that several factors such as biological, socioeconomic and environmental contribute to its development. In Brazil, it is a very common disease and it remains at high levels, despite prevention and control developed by competent authorities. Objectives To review the literature with published articles containing concepts about dengue and factors associated with this sickness such as: epidemiology, clinical features and laboratory diagnoses in Brazil. Methods The articles were reviewed based on the keywords: dengue; epidemiology; clinical features; laboratory diagnoses and Brazil in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Results All studies show that dengue is prevalent in areas with higher rainfall and high temperatures. The more significant factors to somebody acquire dengue are: immunity susceptible, age young, type of strain, virulence of the strain, basic sanitation and the region where the person lives. Children showed the highest risk of becoming ill. It is classified into Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. Nowadays, serology is the most effective and safe way to diagnose the disease, for there are other complementary tests to confirm it, since other viruses can be responsible for causing the same signs and symptoms developed due to dengue. Conclusion After facing this question, it was possible to conclude that dengue is a disease which can develop through various means, requiring joint actions involving different strategies to achieve its prevention and control, specially a collaborative effort of a multidisciplinary team to help the patient.