Saúde do homem: conhecimento do trabalhador rural acerca do autocuidado.

Abstract

The National Policy of Integral Attention to Human Health instituted in 2009 aims to qualify the health of the male population in the perspective of lines of care that safeguard the integrality of the attention. Men enter the health system through specialized care, resulting in the aggravation of morbidity. In the 20-59 age group, men die about twice as long and live 7.3 years shorter than women. The productive processes of labor imply different insertions of the workers, with consequent diversification of morbidity and mortality patterns. Rural workers are the ones that carry out the most risky and unhealthy activities, in an environment conducive to various occupational risk factors. In Brazil, there are approximately 30 million workers subject to risks and aggravations of agricultural working conditions, equivalent to about 20% of the economically active population of the country. In this sense, this study aimed to verify the knowledge about the self-care of rural workers enrolled in basic health care. This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative-qualitative approach, which was developed with rural workers enrolled in a basic health unit in a district of the municipality of Cajazeiras-PB. Data were collected in August 2017, using a semi-structured form. The data of the objective questions were presented in tables and the subjective questions were organized and categorized according to the technique of analysis of Bardin and analyzed in light of the literature pertinent to the subject. The research was in compliance with the principles of Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council. 13 rural workers, aged between 26 and 57 years, predominantly married, living in the district of Divinópolis, participated in the study. The results of this research revealed that rural workers have limited knowledge of what is self-care. As for the risks to their health, they know of the occurrence of accidents with working instruments, poisonous animals, use of pesticides and sun exposure. Regarding preventive actions for self-care, they stated that PPE is the form of prevention, even though they do not use it. Thus, it is considered necessary to implement the guidelines contained in the National Health Policy for Man, aiming at promoting self-care and protection of workers' health, reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from productive processes.