Perfil da atividade leiteira e tipologia das instalações de ordenha na microrregião de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The dairy cattle is a very important activity for farmers in the region of Campina Grande, PB, and the facilities are essential for the operation of the activity. In this context, this study aimed to identify the profile and typology of dairy milking facilities in eight cities that comprise the the region of Campina Grande-PB. The research was performed in 5% of establishments producing milk in the region, which is equivalent to a total of 129 properties, but were effectively visited 118 properties due to the difficulties encountered in the cities of Lagoa Seca and Puxinana. To get the data was used a questionnaire to know the facilities types. On Data analysis was used descriptive statistics, calculating averages and standard deviations. It was observed that 70% o f the producers have older than 46 years, and 61% are in the activity for more than 20 years. The production system that is the most used where the semi-intensive present in 75% of evaluated properties, and 80% of producers have analyzed up to 20 lactating cows. Regarding the process of forage conservation, 67% use the practice of ensiling, particularly the city of Queimadas, where 88% of the 52 producers visited the municipality to utilize this practice. Milking is done mostly twice a day, which happens in 60% of the properties examined, highlighting the city of Boa Vista where 100% of the 12 farms visited, perform two daily milkings. As the facilities from 118 farms visited, there was only one that did not have a stall or corral, where 55% had assessed the conservation status between bad and regular, predominantly regular. Regarding the presence of a waiting corral, only 9 properties have this facility, where 55.5% have walls with an average height of 1.50 m. Regarding the milking parlor, this facility was found in 15 of the total properties visited, indicating that the investment in suitable locations for performing the milking is very low, only 15 present in properties. The Hall of milk was found in 6 properties, which is also troubling because it demonstrates little investment where you must store the milk. Dairy farmers in the micro Campina Grande are characterized as family farmers, who employ low technological level, there is need for better technical support to make the activity more efficient and productive. There is lack of standardization of facilities, requiring greater investment in improved facilities to increase production in the dairy activity of Campina Grande's region.