Estudo do comportamento de metais em uma célula experimental de resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The solid waste may contain high concentrations of contaminants that are present in batteries, papers, inks, textiles, textile, canned food, including food, which require to be produced based substances of heavy metals and other toxic components. In this type of waste, are included chemicals, metals and chemical solvents that threaten the natural cycles where they are dumped. As consequences of the release of these wastes with high levels of danger, we highlight the contamination of groundwater and watercourses. Within this context, this research aims to determine the behavior of metals in an experimental cell, lysimeter, municipal solid waste (MS W) from the city of Campina Grande-PB in order to understand the evolution of these metals over time and compare with the biodegradation process. For this, one lysimeter was constructed at the "Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG)" filled with solid waste in neighborhoods of low, medium and high standard of Campina Grande-PB. Samples were collected monthly and subjected to processes of leaching and solubilization. Concentrations were analyzed for aluminum, manganese, iron, calcium, copper, nickel, cobalt and lead in its elemental form. The results show that at the start of monitoring the concentrations of metals studies were higher, and over time tend to decrease can be explained by the fact that at the start of monitoring, the metals are present in ionic form slightly separated and over time they dissociate and is dispersed in the waste mass. However, at times, for some metals, we find an increase in their concentrations, because after long periods of time, there is a tendency to increase in the concentrations of metals in the form of soluble compounds. Furthermore, it was noted that the concentration of most metals showed higher values at greater depths, because the mass of waste presents a new trend of vertical rise due to the evaporation of liquids with metal ions. Leaching tests showed that the aluminum, manganese, iron and nickel are in the lysimeter at concentrations above the limits laid down by ABNT (2004) - NBR 10.004, allowing the residues as "Class I - Hazardous". Similarly to the leaching tests, tests showed that the solubility of aluminum, manganese, iron, nickel and lead are the lysimeter at concentrations above the limits specified.