Estudo de parâmetros geotécnicos e suas interações em uma célula experimental de resíduos sólidos urbanos.

Abstract

Due to the exacerbated increase of Urban Solid Waste (USW), a proper disposal of these wastes is of paramount importance to the environment. If disposed improperly, can contaminate soil, water and air. Thus, landfills represents a technique very suitable, since it has technical soil sealing and covering of waste, reducing environmental impacts, pollution and the proliferation of insects, especially to provide space optimization, receiving and decomposing increased waste. Experimental cells (lysimeters) can be used to obtain parameters and understand the behavior of USW landfills through its monitoring. This research aimed to evaluate the geotechnical parameters of a landfill, through the lysimeter. These parameters are: soil, used as a waterproofing layer base (avoiding soil contamination due to leachate generation) and coverage (preventing spread of biogas). The geotechnical instrumentation used for monitoring the lysimeter through measurement "in situ "of settlements and temperature and periodic collection of solid samples for laboratory analysis, such as: gravimetric composition, apparent density, temperature, moisture content, pH, volatile solids, DQO, DBO, anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and the repression, which through it we can design the life of the landfill and estimate the rate of biodegradation and intensity within the lysimeter. The parameters such as base and cover layer, instrumentation and settlements are closely related, because i f a defect in predict repressions, especially the differentials, for example, there may be cracks in the covering layer, in that way, the instrumentation is the point key to understanding and changing the execution of the operation of a USW landfill. The results are in agreement with the literature technique studied, according to the characterization of the soil used, it is adequate for the use of base layer and coverage by landfill, as they are of a clay soil; the instrumentation allowed geotechnical monitoration of the lysimeter and waste collection for laboratory analysis; it was found that the behavior of most parameters, although the oscillations was consistent with the results obtained in the literature. The settlements were quantified and can be seen that the initial settlements were due more to mechanical factors (self-weight of waste and the cover layer) that biodegradation. Values were more pronounced repression in the center of the cell, due to the greater thickness of waste. These results will contribute with data for installation in the city of Campina Grande, since the municipality has only open dumps.