Estudo da hidrólise ácida do bagaço do pedúnculo de caju e fermentação alcoólica do licor hidrolisado para produção do álcool etílico.

Abstract

At present, researches about the second generation biofuels; in this case, the cellulosic ethanol extracted from biomass, has been appointed as the focus of several studies in Brazil and all over the world. The cellulosic ethanol is generally produced by fermentation of fermentable sugars that are obtained using the process of acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. As raw material for this chemical process, several biomass are available, however, it is necessary to use cultures that have high cellulose content, low cost and it could be converted into fermentable sugars. The use of the cashew bagasse for the production of bioethanol allows the use of a regional culture that has about 85% of waste. Due to the complex structure of this material, it is necessary to submit it to the pre-treatment physical and/or chemicals before the process of hydrolysis for ethanol production. Pre-treatment, usually, is used to remove the lignin and hemicellulose, reduce cellulose crystallinity and increase the porosity of the materials. The objective of this work was to study the pre-hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic raw cashew bagasse peduncle (Anarcadium occidentale L.), removal of toxic compounds from the liquor hydrolyzate using the residual lignin as adsorbent, alcoholic fermentation of liquors for the production of second generation bioethanol with two types of yeast and alcohol production estimate this from the raw material under study. The cashew bagasse, based on their chemical characterization and physical chemistry, presented himself as a promising source of cellulose to hydrolysis, in order to produce bioethanol. In the process of pre-hydrolysis, the results obtained suggest that the best concentrations of glucose, xylose and arabinose, are obtained at 120 ° C, acid concentration of 5% and a weight ratio of 1:6 bagasse, this process was effective in the removal of hemicellulose mainly in the extraction of arabinose and the temperature was variable of bigger influence in the extraction of pentose. For the acid hydrolysis done with the following hydrolysis conditions: temperature 200 °C, acid concentration equal to 6% and ratio of 1:6 has the combination of the highest concentration of sugars with a minimum concentration of toxic compounds. In the study by adsorption (detoxification) congeners of furfural, and hydroxymethylfirrfural (HMF) and acetic acid by the residual lignin in the hydrolysis process, it had the pH as the variable of major influence in order to remove the compounds in the liquor. The kinetics study of the alcoholic fermentation of the hydrolyzed liquor to the two types of yeast, the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae trade was efficient fermentation than in any of the fermentations studied (three treatments). The yield and efficiency of production of ethanol from cellulosic pulp of processing stalk cashew maximum dry were respectively 0.445 g ethanol/g of pulp and liquor to 87.1% hydrolyzed with the addition of cashew apple juice.