Degradação da qualidade da água do sistema de drenagem de sub-bacias urbanas de Campina Grande-Paraíba.

Abstract

The absence of the management process of urban growth with disabilities in exercising basic sanitation services contributes significantly to the pollution and degradation of the environment, especially water bodies, constantly receiving contribution of pollutant loads superficially transported by urban stormwater drainage systems. The management of stormwater is among the main components of sanitation, and consists of designated facilities for stormwater transport from urban or urbanized areas to an appropriate destination, whose purpose is to manage the quantitative and qualitative aspects of water transported, since the surface runoff water from urban areas present high concentrations of pollutants being discharged into water bodies. However, urban stormwater drainage systems are usually addressed exclusively by engineering projects that only include their quantitative aspects. Within this context, this work has the objective to evaluate the degradation of the quality of the water in the urban stormwater drainage system in Campina Grande/PB, as well as possible control measures through modeling. Given the territorial extension and the complexity of the system, two urban sub-basins (D9 and D10), which are a part of the basin drain of the purifying plant, were selected as the study object. The methodology focused on three major steps: monitoring (consisting of system characterization through site visits and physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes of water); system modeling (using the Storm Water Management Model - SWMM, the information acquired in the monitoring step, and the preparation of possible scenarios), and diagnosis of the scenarios analyzed. Results altogether showed the terrible conditions of the components and of the water in the drainage system, besides the generation of a high pollutant load which is influenced by the hydrological characteristics and the process of urbanization of the area studied. The research presented the need for a more sustainable management of the sanitation systems in the areas studied, as well as a more rigid and urban management approach, leading to the involvement of the social and environmental spheres.