Análise das variabilidades interanuais e interdecenais dos índices de aridez e efetivo de umidade do Estado do Ceará.

Abstract

The interannual and interdecadal variability of the Brazilian Northeast (NEB) precipitation and its relationship with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic dipole, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (ODP) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AOM) phenomena has been the objective Of many studies. The objective of this study was to study the interannual and interdecadal variability of the climate of the state of Ceará using the effective humidity indexes (Im) and aridity (Ia) of Thornthwaite (1948) and the aridity index of UNEP (IaUNEP), since These are enough used to produce climatic classification. The interannual and interdecadal variability of the indices were analyzed using harmonic analysis and the analysis of waveforms and climatic classification for the State of Ceará, from 1951 to 2014. The results obtained showed that according to the IaUNEP and Im Is classified as being semi-arid climate, with a very high interannual variability, because in the same locality it presents arid climate, in one period, and humid, in another. During the 64 years, most of the municipalities analyzed presented their highest percentage of time in the semi-arid climate. For the study of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the IaUNEP and Im indexes the Wavelet Analysis and Harmonic Analysis showed that interannual and interdecadal variability are due to the ENSO cycle, the SST anomaly gradient in the Tropical Atlantic, the cold phase oscillations And warm periods of OMA and ODP that soften or intensify the aridity of the climate of Ceará producing frequency variability.