Efeito tóxico de flores de heliotropium indicum linn (boraginaceae) à apis mellifera linnaeus (hymenoptera: apidae) africanizadas em condições de laboratório.

Abstract

Bees are the main pollinators of plants, mainly .4p/s me///cera, they visit many kinds of flowers. Besides the ecological role, bees are producing honey and other products of economic interest. However the bees are at risk of being intoxicated while foraging certain plants, like He//ofnop/um /nd/cunn Linn, which due to its strong odor, is denomidada sicklepod, belongs to the family Boraginaceae, consisting of ornamental planta and weeds, widely distributed in regions tropical. Widely used in folk medicine in many countries, with high leveis of alkaloids which can be toxic, and this plant has flowers almost all year round. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to analyze the toxic effect of flowers of He//ofrop/um /r7d/cum on .4p/s me///cera africanized bees in laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology at the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences Center Agrifood Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande. Bioassays were conducted in environmental chamber to 27' C and 80% humidity. The flowers of F/e//ofrop/t/m /nd/cum were collected near the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus de Pombal, dried at 65 ' C for three days, crushed and sieved through nylon sieve, forming a fine powder that was weighed at three concentrations (0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0%) compared to the weight of candy, which is an artificial diet.the powder was mixed with candy in their proper concentrations, placed in plastic containers of 10 ml, covered with wire mesh, and served the workers of .4. me///cera newly emerged, distributed set of 20 in wooden box, measuring 1 1 cm long x 1 1 wide and 7 enches tall and holes in the sides closed with nylon fabric, lined with paper filter with glass lids. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design consisting of three treatments (0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0%) and no treatment (control), distributed in three replications. Data were collected by counting workers killed twenty-four hours after treatment application. The data were passed to the program PRISM 3.0 that made the construction of the statistics and graphs and analyzed using the non-parametric log-rank test, the comparison of survival curves. According to the data, we found significant differences between the survival curves of bees under treatments with extracts of H. /r7d/cum and witness the bees who consumed only the candy, remained alive 17 days and the bees that fed concentrations of 0.25%. 0.50% and 1.00% of the extracto of F/. /nd/cum showed 15, 13 and ll days of survival, respectively. Extracts of flowers of F/. /r7d/cano showed toxicity .4p/s me///cera toxic in the concentrations of 0.25%. 0.50% and 1%, the concentration was 1% which caused bee mortality in less time, on average 11 days.