Análise metagenômica de populações bacterianas em solo da caatinga e a prospecção de linhagens resistentes aos antimicrobianos.

Abstract

Bacteria are present in the most diverse environments, such as water, food, plants, animals and also in the soil. The soil acts as a shelter system for various microorganisms, providing a natural habitat, while antibiotics are among the most important pharmacological classes. The objective was to carry out a study of identification of bacterial microorganisms present in caatinga soil and to analyze the presence of strains and genes that confer resistance to antibiotics in this population. The methodology was based on the use of molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques such as serial dilutions, plating and counting, extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Denaturation Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and sequencing, with the initial purpose of prospecting populations present in three caatinga soil samples. As a result, pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbial populations were observed, similarities and dissimilarities between sample sites, as well as the evident presence of antimicrobial resistance, converging to concerns regarding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and their resistance. The isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the caatinga soil are of great scientific, social and economic importance, as they help in the search for mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and how to find solutions to this problem.