Estudo teórico sobre impactos ambientais resultantes da implementação de parques eólicos na região nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract

In this study an environmental impact assessment study caused by the implementation of Wind Farms in Northeast region of Brazil has been presented. Since this is a theoretical study, the research was based on the consultation at bibliographical sources, such as books, documentaries, technical and scientific papers. In order to identify and analysis of the environmental impacts, have been used the methods: Ad Hoc, Check List and Interaction Matrix. Control measures and environmental plans and programs have been proposed based on research in the scientific and technical literature as well as through the application of the methods Ad Hoc and Check List. According to the results, the implementation phase of wind farms was the one that presented the greatest amount of impacting activities. A total of 111 potential environmental impacts were identified, with 54 in the physical environment, 39 in the biotic environment and 60 in the anthropic environment, considering that a same environmental impact changed more than one part of the environment: physical, biotic or anthropic. The implantation phase was the most impactful, with 71 impacts, 56 negatives and 15 positives, followed the operating phases, with 27 impacts, 07 negatives and 20 positives, and planning phase, with 13 impacts, 03 negatives and 10 positives. This total, 12 have been considered significant impacts, being 03 positives and 09 negatives. Most of the environmental control measures were preventive and mitigating. Environmental plans and programs at being implemented in environmental management of wind power projects have been also proposed, so that Wind Farms can meet the requirements related to technical, legal, social, economic and ecological aspects, and thus presents environmental viability.