Condições intervenientes na geração de biogás de resíduos recém dispostos em aterro sanitário e com um ano de aterramento.

Abstract

The biogas generation in landfills is influenced by different conditions related to the local environmental settings, the physical and chemical characteristics of the disposed solid waste and to the operation of the landfill. In the period that comprises the first year of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal, there are important interference regarding the biodegradative process that will influence the speed of subsequent degradation and, consequently, the biogas generation in landfills. The main goal of this study was to verify the operational and meteorological interferences on the physical-chemical and biogas generation in MSW recently disposed and with one year of landfill. The study area was the landfill located in Campina Grande-PB (ASCG). Two test campaigns were carried out involving: the collection of recently disposed MSW and with one year of disposal in the ASCG, gravimetric composition and physical-chemical tests of the disposed MSW, monitoring of operational and meteorological conditions of the ASCG and, finally, the performance of the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test to estimate, experimentally, the volume of biogas generated by the biodegradation of MSW with one year of landfilling. With the obtained results in this study, it is highlighted that the favorable conditions in the decomposition process of MSW in the ASCG to the biogas generation, during the first year of landfilling, were: gravimetric composition, precipitation, air humidity, disposed mass of MSW, leachate recirculation and the physical-chemical indicators, such as pH, alkalinity, humidity, Volatile Solids (VS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The conditions that, possibly, have limited the biodegradative process were: evaporation and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (TAN) of the MSW. The BMP test suggests good energetic potential for the ASCG, with accumulated biogas volumes up to 186.97NmL, verified by the decomposition of organic solid waste in just 24 days of experiment. The acquisition of data on disposed MSW has allowed us to understand the evolution of the biodegradative process in the first year of landfilling and obtain a good estimate of biogas production by the ASCG’s MSW. The study of the relationships between the operational, meteorological and physical-chemical conditions of the MSW consisted in an important tool to analyze the biodegradation behavior of the waste in landfills, and may help future landfill projects, specially those who aim to build an energy recovery system, under similar conditions to this study.