Gravidez na adolescência: revelando opiniões de estudantes do ensino médio.

Abstract

The adolescence is characterized by the abandonment of the infantile self-image and life projection in the adult world, corresponding to a period of discoveries of the own limitations, of curiosity for new experiences, characterized by the need of social integration, for the search of the independence, of the development of the personality and definition of the sexual identity. Although, the exercise of the sexuality in a thoughtless and inconsequent way can result in conflicts and bring alterations in each adolescent's future projects, resulting, a lot of times, in an unwanted pregnancy. This paper looked for to characterize the profile of the adolescent students of high school from the Health Technical School of Cajazeiras - ETSC and to know those adolescents' opinion concerning the occurrence of the pregnancy in the adolescence. It is a study of exploratory-descriptive character, with quantitative and qualitative approach. The participants of the study were 15 high school students. The instrument for the data collection was a guide, with objective and subjective questions, that orientated the accomplishment of the interviews. The ethical precepts were followed according to the Resolution 196/96 of the Health National Council, in the conduction of the research. The data for the characterization of the profile were analyzed through the frequency index and percentile. The qualitative data were analyzed by the method of Analysis of Content, in its modality of thematic analysis. The students' profile was constituted by both genders, with age group between 14 and 18 years-old, single and without consensual union, residents in the urban zone, presenting family income up to 5 minimum wages, predominantly Catholic. Concerning to the educational formation, most of them studied the elementary school in the public net of teaching and a considerable number didn't receive sexual education at school. Related to the students' conceptions concerning the phenomenon pregnancy in the adolescence, it was revealed that it is a result of an act without planning and that it is inserted in a context of social disadvantages, related to losses in the coexistence with the friends, in the lack of family support, and professional conquers. It was verified that there is a gap of information through the lack of the sexual education in the main institutions in which the adolescents belong to; among them, school and family are highlighted. It becomes urgent the need of articulation between the sections of health and education, making possible the elaboration of workshops on themes related to the human sexuality, as well as the creation of public politics returned to the adolescents' real needs. Thinking about the adolescent's health implicates to think on the several manners of living the adolescence and of living the life.