Saídas de emergência horizontais em locais de reunião de público. Estudo de casos na cidade de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

This paper accomplishes a study of parameters relating to the evacuation in public meeting places and norms existing concerning to emergency exits and its highly prescriptive, seeking out to evaluate their contemporary view of the changes resulting from the evolutionary process of building and social change. The agglomeration sites for economic purposes, religious, entertainment or other. Are always considered high risk areas due to the high population density and the fact that people do not have familiarity with the environment. Adding to this, the recent disasters in nightclubs, clubs or similar with high amount of deaths caused by fires, terrorism or several causes reinforce the concern that these places are able to allow rapid and safe evacuation. For the development of the research were selected three buildings located in the city of Campina Grande and these were inspected with a view to verifying compliance with current legislation and to obtain data that could support a computational modeling. The simulations used the Pathfinder abandonment software that provides two simulation modes, SFPE and the steering, having the first a very similar methodology to that used by the norms and the second, a model that is closer to the expected behavior for people in a situation real. For the simulations was used the original architecture and real of the buildings, being the original obtained through security projects against fire and the real of on-site inspections. Moreover, other conditions such as the influence of furniture were analyzed, positioning the exits and obstruction the same. With software were obtained evacuation time, specific flow, flow rate and dynamic evacuation by occupant movement of the display, and can identify congestion places obstacles and bottlenecks. The conclusions show that the level of security afforded by the emergency exit norms is not expected, even in those who have undergone recent update, such as the rules of many states, the result of a purely prescriptive revision, without providing conditions for the development of innovative solutions, economic and mainly secure. It is associated to this fact, a lack of prevention culture of responsible for the establishments performing modifications in their buildings without worrying about the safety of its occupants.