Perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos casos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no município de Cajazeiras.

Abstract

Leprosy, the main cause of neuritis and disabilities in the world, can reach all ages and both sexes, however, cases in children under 15 are considered an indicator of high endemicity of the disease. This job aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of leprosy in children under 15 years in Cajazeiras - Pb. This is a quantitative research of a character documentary, exploratory and descriptive and field based on data collected in the SINAN, among the cases notified in the age group from 0 to 14 years old, in the 2004 to October 2010. The sample consisted of 36 patients for epidemiological characterization and 04 patients for clinical characterization. To clinical profile a semi-structured questionnaire script was used for the patients who were under treatment as well as the medical records available in the USF. It is worth mentioning that this study follows the Guidelines and Norms of Research in Human Beings, through Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council. results found in this epidemiological characterization revealed that the detection coefficient in children under fifteen in Cajazeiras remains at very high level of endemicity, despite the reduction over the studied period. The majority of the population committed and female and were in the 10-14 years old, with PB forms. As for the presence of disabilities there is a discrepancy between assessments in cure and diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis of the disease, all were evaluated, 91.6% of whom grade zero and only 8.4% grade I. No case was assessed as grade II in the diagnosis. Regarding the disabilities in the cure, 33.4% were ignored / not assessed and 27.8% went from grade zero to grade II. No grade I was notified in healing. Regarding contacts, of the 187 registered communicators, only 64% of the sample were examined. These data show the inefficiency of control communicants and consequent operational problems related to the development of PNCH actions, compromising the goals of eliminating disease. As for clinical characterization, the sample of patients undergoing treatment revealed the totality of cases in males, browns, students, middle class low, 50% CP and 50% MB. All had household contacts. Because of this found, and it is important to emphasize that the communicants, maintainers of the transmission, deserve more surveillance, both for the risk to which they are exposed and also due to the biopsychosocial and economic repercussions that this disease brings. Regarding the BCG vaccine brand, 100% had a brand showing relative protection to leprosy patients. It is concluded that the detection of cases in this age group are related to recent disease and foci of transmission assets and their epidemiological monitoring and relevant to the control of leprosy. We verified, in view of the results, that leprosy is an important health problem in the studied region and that we need to expand our attention early diagnosis, in order to obtain the long-awaited control of the endemic disease.