Análise de aspectos climático, socioeconômico e ambiental e seus efeitos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí Preto e entorno.

Abstract

The Uruçuí Preto river basin (BH RUP) stands out in the production of soybeans, corn and cassava in native and artificial areas. This basin suffers major environmental impacts deforestation of large areas for agricultural, mineral and pastoral, in addition to the impacts of natural phenomena such as gullies and desertification, thus requiring measures for mitigation of these effects of degradation and desertification. In this work action proposals were presented on water monitoring, replanting of natural tree species, reintroduction of native species, such as a new vision of tourism and urban planning, real estate speculation programs and the establishment of new industries in the agricultural farms that do not harm the environment. It was used rainfall data; Air temperature; Relative humidity; Cloudiness; Wind: direction and speed; Evaporation and evapotranspiration; Total insolation for the period between 1960-1990. In hydrologic model IPH2 were made adjustments, calibration and verification of the model; Models were also used to calculate form moving averages; gap filling method; Koppen climate classification; climate category; Division between wet and dry climate; kind of weather to - subcategories; Climate type b - subcategories; Climate type c - subcategories; Divisions of this subcategory (c). The study area presented significant climatic heterogeneity, allowing generate different scenarios regarding the availability and water demand. The climate factor acted dynamically along with other attributes of the physical and biotic environment, and is decisive for the occurrence of significant internal geo-environmental distinctions to the basin, including ecological differences and even influences in cultural and ways of natural resource use patterns. The IPH II model fulfilled the task of simulating the average daily flow, but in three cases was not very efficient to represent the peak (maximum and minimum) flow rates. Without loss of generality, this modeling can be used in basins with similar characteristics to those presented by BHRUP, especially if there are no requirements on the suitability of extreme values. In addition it was made a simulation of BHRUP with land use in 100% pasture. In this case, there would be an increase in soil moisture, a result that would increased flood peaks with more severe and frequent floods. It was verified that water pollution, rainfall distribution, use and soil management in agriculture affect fishing, as well as occurring sediment deposition and silting in streams, rivers, lakes and ponds, anthropic landscapes, changes in microclimates, soil sealing, erosion, desertification, fires and loss of biodiversity.