Screening fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de Spondias sp e Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câm. de ocorrência no semiárido Paraibano.

Abstract

The Brazilian northeast is home to one of the country’s highest biodiversity, associated to a rich and valuable traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants is highlighted the Spondias sp (Cajarana do sertão) and Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câm. (Umbu). This study aimed to assess the phytochemical Screening and antimicrobial activity of the Spondias sp and Spondias tuberosa. leaf extracts in order to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration, five Spondias sp (Cajarana do sertão) trees, in the ―Lajedo‖ farm , in the municipality of Patos PB trees ,and five Spondias tuberosa (Umbu) trees in the ― Santo Antônio‖ farm in the municipality of Matureia- PB, in good phytosanitary conditions, were selected. Botanic material was collected for the for the confection of exsiccates for its identification, using the herborization techniques, and subsequently stored in the Caatinga Herbarium of the Center of Health and Rural Technology (CSTR) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) under the number 494 (Spondias sp) and 495 (e Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câm.) and then transported to the Technology of Forestal Products sector (STPF) of the Forest Engineering Academic Unit (UAEF) of the CSTR, Patos-PB Campus of the UFCG. The samples were died in drying ovens at 40º C and submitted to a grinding process in a mechanical mill thus obtaining 6.0 Kg per species of dried and grinded material. Subsequently they were transported to the Medicine and Pharmacological Products Research Institute (IPerFarm), of the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), where the extraction process was performed. For this purpose 3.0 kg of the vegetal material of each species were extracted with ethanol (EtOH) at 95% during 72 hs and next the extractive solution was concentrated in a rotary evaporator device until the obtainment of 200g of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) . The phytochemical screening was performed using the preliminary prospection method for the following metabolites: alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids , terpenoids and saponins. The obtained results demonstrated that the extracts presented positive results for the following classes of secondary metabolites, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids. For the antimicrobial analysis, extract dilutions were prepared in the following concentrations, 5%,15% and 25% of the v/p of the CEE. These analysis were performed in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Veterinary Hospital of the CSTR Patos Campus of the UFCG, using a selection of Gram-negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli ATCC (25923), Escherichia coli Escherichia coli in clinical samples a 3 and 4, Klebsiella in clinical sample 1 and 2, and Gram-positive: Staphylococus ATCC (25922), Staphylococus 51, clinical sample, Staphylococus 48, clinical sample, Streptococcus maya, Streptococcus mutans ATCC (24175), by the methods of disk diffusion and determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) .The Spondias sp and Spondias tuberosa extracts presented antimicrobial activity for the Gram-positive bateria: Staphylococus ATCC (25922), Staphylococus 51, clinical sample, Staphylococus 48, clinical sample, Streptococcus maya, Streptococcus mutans ATCC (24175), this was not the case for the Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed in the disk diffusion tests that there was no difference in the diameter of the halos found in the different concentrations of the extracts of both the studied species. The screening provided relevant information of the metabolic classes present in both species, as well as the antimicrobial activity of their foliar extracts on the Gram-positive bacteria, contributing to the knowledge of the potential for use in the pharmaceutical industry of the Spondias demonstrating to be promising in the search and development of new medicines.