(Re)(des)construção das identidades do sujeito mulher no facebook: o corpo em (dis)curso.

Abstract

Considering the discursive heterogeneity of feminism in contemporary times, we proposed, in our research, to analyze discursive processes that characterize discursive functioning places of the subject woman on digital feminism and their relationship with identity constitution processes. The research was conducted under the light of the Materialistic Discursive Analysis of pecheutian affiliation. To do so, we explored, the theoretical relationships between subject-form, discursive place and subject-position through the analysis of significant materiality’s on feminist facebook pages. We considered, in these relationships, the subjective modes of subject interpellation (identification, counter identification and disidentification) proposed by Pêcheux (1975 [2014]) along with Castells’ (2018) formulations about the processes of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of identities by new social movements. Our specific objectives are: (1) to analyze the functioning of feminist discursive place and subjective modes of interpellation in formulations about body themes by enunciating subjects in feminist facebook pages; (2) to understand how these discursive places and subjectivation modalities constitute processes of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of women’s subject identities. The body theme was chosen because it is more representative in terms of the number of posts on each page. We have as our corpus five brazilian feminist pages with the largest number of likes on facebook: TODAS Fridas (TF), Não Me Kahlo (NMK), Feminismo sem demagogia - original (FSD), Empodere duas mulheres (EDM) and Ventre feminista (VF). Throughout the analysis of the facebook pages profiles, following the analysis of posts related to the body theme, we observed that the feminist discursive place is occupied from three positions: an intersectional position (TF and NMK), a marxist position (FSD) and a liberal position (EDM and VF). Three effects of meaning produced by the body theme were found in the posts’ analysis: (1) the criticism of dominant beauty standard, (2) the endorsement of abortion legalization and (3) the denunciation of rape culture. The analysis of posts related to these themes made it possible to configure five networks of formulations that characterize the effects of meaning produced. Regarding the effect (1), we have two networks: (a) the politicization of the non-standard body and (b) the contestation of the dominant beauty ideal; for effect (2) we have: (a) woman’s life protection and (b) reproductive capacity autonomy; and for effect (3) we have: (a) the problematization of rape culture. It was observed throughout the analysis that women's projection of identity processes resulted from discursive movements of disidentification with the dominant patriarchal ideology; due to the disruption of stabilized identity forms as well as through identity reconstruction. These processes viewed the transformation of new forms of women’s identification articulated to meanings of empowerment and politicization of bodies as well as women’s autonomy over their bodies and the way they expressed it. The pages play a political (militant) role on networks, by means of confronting exclusionary practices from patriarchal society, they also play a pedagogical role in problematizing issues that are socially rooted and discussing them as cultural issues that must be deconstructed by using information.