A renovação do Protocolo de Kyoto (pós2012).

Abstract

This study identifies the environmental issue concerning the constant climate changes and the difficulty of negotiating and agreeing with the major political leaders on the planet to take the necessary measures for an economic and industrial development that will be less degrading to the global atmosphere. Many international treaties have been created and discussed. These led on to the Kyoto Protocol, the most important and current international treaty about this these subjects. Many barriers had to be broken and some forfeits had to be made by some of the countries interested in the subject. Some important points are highlighted in this research, for example: the leadership in the multilateral negotiations of the European Union and the refusal to ratify the Kyoto Protocol in 2001 by the United States and Australia, claiming that their priorities at the moment were to promote domestic economic development. The Kyoto Protocol began to take effect in 2005, even without the presence of the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with great emphasis on the period stipulated for its renewal, the year of 2012. It's important to examine the possibility of transformations in the International Environment in the post-Kyoto 2012 phase, from the three main mechanisms proposed by the Kyoto Protocol: emissions trading, joint implementation and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). To develop this goal, it is of great importance the study of doctrines and articles relevant to the topic, using traditional methods of interpreting rules, like the literal, systematic and historic. To take an appropriate approach and have an appropriate understanding of the Kyoto Protocol it was necessary to make a historical survey on the aspects of the development of competent international institutions to address the different interests among nations. Many suggest that measures of the Kyoto Protocol are very soft and will not solve the problems faced, thus, the environmental problem of the Earth. But the intention was precisely this. For membership in a first time would be greater, even with the difficulty of negotiating between nations. The Brazilian position and attitude toward the treaty is quite favorable, the renovations designed demonstrate, for example, the national energy policy, although the country keeps sinning in the question of forest deforestation. From this understanding, it appears that it is necessary to make some changes in the renewal of the Protocol after 2012, further measures concerning the current reality, using technology to promote the environment, and not the contrary, as happened historically will need to be taken.