Fatores sócioambientais associados na ocorrência de doenças negligenciadas no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the health status and spatiotemporal patterns of neglected disease-related factors (NDs), based on secondary data extracted through the SINAN. In order to analyze the spatiotemporal variability of NP in the State of Paraíba and factors related to morbidity from multivariate statistics and geoprocessing techniques. The study area comprised the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. As a methodology, initially, statistical techniques of spatial and temporal analyzes were used, as well as geoprocessing techniques and the database were records of DN-related morbidity associated with environmental and socioeconomic indicators, revealing the current scenario of NDs and delineation of municipalities as the highest incidence of cases taking into account environmental associations of these most emerging locations and the socioeconomic situation. Next, the elaboration of a Socioeconomic and Environmental Vulnerability Index (SEVI), which allowed understanding the relationships between the adjusted factors, allowing identifying five main competing forces that act in the process of vulnerability in the municipalities of the state of Paraíba. The main descriptive variables were: mean air temperature (99.4%); maximum average temperature (98.8%) and annual precipitation (98.8%) (Socioeconomic dimension). Then, the thematic maps of the incidences of each ND with the identification of endemic areas through the Moran Index I, and the application of spatial regression associated with the incidences of each ND with socioeconomic and environmental indicators and the SEVI index factors. obtained by applying multivariate analysis on principal factors (FA). There was a strong spatial association of cases of American cutaneous schistosomiasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis (ATL) by demographic density and identified by the Moran index I (0.688 and 0.413) and a weak association for NDs (Dengue, Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), Leprosy and Tuberculosis). The association of cases with variables of large land uses in different agricultural profiles in the Brejo Paraibano microregion demonstrates the occupational character of the ATL, mainly associated with rural workers. The association of the disease with environmental variables and poor sanitation, income and education also show relevance in the transmission profile of schistosomiasis in the microregion of the southern coast of Paraíba state. Thus, the use of spatial analysis techniques in epidemiological surveillance has proved to be an alternative, especially regarding health surveillance measures, as it can help in the organization and spatial analysis of data on environment, society and health, allowing elaboration of situation diagnoses and the exchange of information between sectors by effectively detecting the spatial domain in which morbidities are most present as well as directly associated environmental covariates.