A astenia da vontade: uma análise Nietzschiana para a crise de liderança nas organizações.

Abstract

This study aimed to interpret the problem of Leadership Crisis in organizations from the concepts and philosophical ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche. We hope to accomplish the purpose of deepening the debate on this issue that affects organizational studies. The problem of Leadership Crisis has been a recurring theme in the research of several authors such as Mabey e Morrel (2011), Bennis (2003), Almeida (2002), Sant’anna, Vaz, et al. (2009) and many other international bodies around the world. Some of these are the Centre for Leadership at the University of Birmingham (CLUB), World Economic Forum, Edelman, the Brazilian Association of Human Resources and the Center for Public leadership, all concerned about the guidance of leaders in different types of organizations: public and private enterprises, political systems, NGOs, media, etc. Bennis (2003) has described this process as a difficulty in finding skilled people to assume positions of power and a fear of taking responsibility, while Sant'Anna, Vaz et al. (2009), emphasize a theoretical and conceptual crisis capable of inducing the very construct of leadership to the point of stagnation. The consequences of this problem are numerous: low productivity, lack of motivation of employees, corruption and a crisis of values that has undermined the credibility of the organizations and their leaders to public opinion in many countries. This is a literature based mainly on books and scientific papers, and also an exploratory study, which aims to further clarification in relation to the proposed theme. The philosophical works of Friedrich Nietzsche as well as books and scientific papers on leadership and Leadership Crisis were consulted, and was used the technique of content analysis. This work described leadership as a process of social relationship based on expansion of the Self and that depends on the existence of shared values in a given context. The Asthenia of the Will was identified as the Nietzschean concept that determines the inability of individuals to carry out the process of creating values, relinquishing the lead, which passes to incite hatred and guilt. It was found that the theories of leadership could benefit from the perspectives of Nietzsche on the motivation of human behavior, in contrast to current models based on the hierarchy of needs. The data collected by the research show how leadership still lacks an ethical place to justify the asymmetry of power between individuals and create tools for the individual role in its processes.