Uso de jardins flutuantes na remediação de águas superficiais poluídas.

Abstract

Urban waters go trough many intervencions during the process of development of cities. Many times suffering negative impacts due to absence of planning and basic sanitation. Eutrophication caused by enrichment of water bodies by nutrientes from sewage dumping without treatment is one of the great problems of superficial urban waters. Because of the need for sustainable development in cities and the search for alternatives for the treament of polluted waters, this study has the objective of constructing a system of floating gardens to treat the waters of the pond located on the main campus of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. The experiment was performed on área, area of 400m2 of the superficial lawyer of the the pond. The building of the system was divided into three stages; at the end of the third stage, 10% of the superficial area was covered, modular structures were built with bamboo and pallets. Different species of ornamental aquatic plants and cocunut fiber substrate were used. Monitoring was performed weekly by collections from 14 points distributed throughout the experimental área. The parameters analyzed were; temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, DO, BOD, COD, clorophyl-a, total phophorus, soluble orthoposphate, TNK, amoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, TDS, VDS, FDS. The structures of the gardeens that did not present problems with stability and flotation had good results and promoted good development. Statistical analysis of the data revealed in the study area, there were significant variations in all the studied parameters, presenting positive results of organic matter and nutrients removal in some of the monitored days. As environmental interferences in the study area, such as precipitation as effluent loads, made it difficult to analyze the efficiency of gardens in water quality, but despite this, important results were found.