Desenvolvimento de compósito de matriz polimérica com partículas residuais de granito, mármore e caulim, para produção de rochas artificiais de revestimento.

Abstract

The accumulation of residues over the years has resulted in the formation of a potential risk of environmental pollution and causes serious impacts; direct deposit in the soil of these residues can include harmful pollutants, especially heavy metals. The developed research has focused on the development and characterization of polymer composites with the use of kaolin waste marble and granite observing their physical-mechanical behavior by incorporating pigments obtaining artificial stones for high strength coatingmechanical properties development and durability. The residues were benefited using the dry milling process, and passed through a sieve 0.074 mm (ABNT # 200). Thecomposites were formulated using equal amounts of waste and a polyester resin. They were carried out physico-chemical characterization tests (diffraction of X-rays, particle size analysis, fluorescence X-ray), thermal (thermal gravimetric analysis), morphological (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and technological (water absorption, apparent porosity , bulk density, flexural strength, moisture expansion, resistance to hardness in Mohs scale, Izod impact and chemical attack). The results showed that the absorption of water does not vary much with change of use of pigments and the amount of waste used in the composites, and the majority of the samples had water absorption <3.0 is classified in group Ib absorption(0 5 <abs ≤ 3.0), with a direct relationship with the porosity and mechanical strength. The composites showed hardness scale ranging 4 to 5 Mohs for those using powdered pigment and 5 to 6 Mohs for composite pigments using gel because the union of the polymer matrix to the pigment. Obtained satisfactory properties for the use to which it proposes, in addition to contributing to reducing environmental impact, enabling the reuse of these in the production of artificial rocks to finish