Política e planejamento energético no Brasil : uma análise do setor elétrico brasileiro a partir de um conjunto de indicadores de sustentabilidade energética.

Abstract

The diversity of renewable energy resources in the country and the potential for generating energy from sources considered sustainable is very significant. However, Brazil has still as a complementation base the energy generated through coal and natural gas, which both are more expensive and considered polluting sources, which leads to the need to evaluate the energy sector's energy policy and planning in order to verify the extent to which they are considered sustainable and contribute to the sustainability of the country and of the own sector. In this sense, energy sustainability indicators are a support tool to evaluate the actions that represent the policies and programs developed and implemented by the agents that form the structure of the electricity sector, since they are measures that can express characteristics of complex phenomena to allow diagnoses closer to reality. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the ways of acting in terms of energy policy and energy planning, in the Brazilian electricity sector, from a set of pre-selected energy sustainability indicators. The methodology used was a bibliographic survey to identify and select energy indicators and content analysis, through a process of categorizing and coding these indicators in four dimensions of energy sustainability: access to energy, energy efficiency, diversification of the matrix and politicalinstitutional articulation, to identify whether the selected energy sustainability indicators are taken into account in the process of formulating national energy planning and policy. The results suggested a conceptual base framework, resulting from the process of identifying the dimensions of energy sustainability in national energy planning and policy. The result was the identification of all indicators in the analyzed documents and, some dimensions of indicators such as access to energy and diversification of the matrix, have presented more significant results in quantitative terms, involving the process of appearance of indicators, in relation to the energy efficiency dimension and political-institutional articulation. However, it was possible to conclude that the energy policy and planning processes use energy sustainability indicators, but do not necessarily contribute to the sustainability of the country, of the sector and of the regions, since the policies are very broad and little directed to the country's real energy needs.