Governança ambiental no combate à desertificação e mitigação dos efeitos da seca no estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

Environmental governance has become an important element of environmental policy due to its contributions to the improvement of environmental management, meeting collective demands and exercising citizenship. In order to expand its applicability, the principles of good governance have been established as guidelines for the promotion of good governance. Considering the articulation between environmental governance and the fight against desertification instituted with the establishment of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification - CCD, this study aims to analyze environmental governance in the policy to combat desertification in the State of Paraíba, in its conception and execution. This is an exploratory research of the descriptive type, with a quantitative and qualitative approach and time frame 2005-2020. Data collection was carried out through the evaluation of the National and State Action Plans to Combat Desertification and Mitigate the Effects of Drought (PAN-BRASIL and PAE-PB), as well as the application of a check-list about the implementation of the PAE- PB. Through the analyzes carried out, it was found that environmental governance is inserted in PAN-BRASIL and PAE-PB, with its implicit approach and the argument for the democratization of environmental management predominating. The principles of good governance (accountability, rule of law, efficiency, effectiveness, public participation, inclusiveness and transparency) are included in the plans in a predominantly implicit manner, with emphasis on the principle of public participation. Regarding the institutional structure of PAEPB management, it was identified that public policies administered by federal institutions are prevalent to the detriment of those managed by state institutions and that the Secretariat of Infrastructure, Water Resources and Environment-PB - SEIRHMA is the main actor for the coordination and articulation of the implementation of the PAE-PB. It was also found that the non-implementation of PAE-PB actions was predominant, which, associated with the individual performance of government institutions in issues related to combating desertification, has culminated in the deconstruction of environmental governance within the scope of this public policy.