Metodologia de apoio à gestão de qualidade de águas pluviais da macrodrenagem urbana em áreas de arranjos populacionais médios.

Abstract

The impacts resulting from the population increase and the urbanization process are intensified when the anthropic activities occur in an unsustainable way, causing several social, economic and environmental problems. Such impacts are also aggravated by poor city management and low investments in infrastructure. In the area of urban waters, the lack or inefficiency of management can contribute to the worsening of the pollution of drainage waters and, consequently, a reduction in the quality of urban water resources. In Brazil, as in other developing countries, the immediate concern in terms of drainage and management of rainwater is associated with a reduction in the risk of urban floods, with the quality of the water drained into the natural water bodies being often left in the background. In order to reduce this gap, the present research aimed to develop a methodological proposal for sustainable management of rainwater quality in urban macrodrainage, in areas of medium population arrangements. The methodology used groups of operation / maintenance indicators, legal, physical-chemical and microbiological instruments chosen to help classify the current quality management of drainage waters in urban basins under different management scenarios (efficient, partial and inefficient), taking into account, among other aspects, social vulnerability and environmental fragility. The methodology for characterizing and classifying the current management in one of the proposed scenarios was applied in a pilot basin, Riacho do Prado basin, located in the urban area of the headquarters district of Campina Grande - PB. For the environmental policy, ten water quality management principles, a general objective, six specific objects and several mitigating measures related to the environmental risk and the characteristics of the proposed scenarios were suggested. The results showed that, in relation to the Riacho do Prado basin, several urban problems and depreciation of the water quality present in the macro-drainage system were observed, predominance of medium social vulnerability, tending to rise, different classes of vii emerging environmental fragility, environmental risk varying medium to very high, resulting in a general water quality management index of 0.4, which classifies the pilot basin as a partial urban drainage water quality management. In view of the above, it is of paramount importance that medium-sized population arrangements, such as Campina Grande, invest in structuring systems and maintaining the quality of drainage waters and urban water bodies. In addition, there is a need for joint awareness, population and management body, as sustainable management of the water quality of urban macrodrainage is only possible with the integration of urban agents and analysis of the interrelationships between basic sanitation systems.