Espécies xerófilas: comportamento e fenologia em áreas degradadas do Semiárido Brasileiro.

Abstract

This work studied the behavior and phenology of xerófilas species planted in degraded areas during 720 DAP (days after planting) . There was observing the survival rate of the species and monitoring their physiological development is in production parameters of green and dry biomass, evaluating levels of rooting shoots, flowering, fruiting. The four species studied were: Macambira Bromelia laciniosa Mart ex Schult, the Facheiro Cereus pachycladus Ritter , the Xique-xique Pilosocereus gounellei A. Weber Ex K. Schum and Palma cactus Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill planted in four degraded areas. Used two methods in this study: direct and indirect . Direct are those that evaluate the phenology through direct observation of individuals using some type of measurement scale, applying a nominal scale, which consists of the presence or absence of phenology over the study period. In indirect methods sample plants were destroyed to quantify stages of abscission, which evaluated the fresh weight and dry weight of structures such shoots, flowering and fruiting, leaves and roots, performing experiments in randomized blocks with 4 replications whose treatments were mounted with 4 species in degraded areas 4, submitted to the Tukey test at 5 %. To spineless cactus still observed rates of absolute, relative growth areas of cladodios, plant area, the area ratio and net assimilation rate cladodios. There was also analysis of soil at the beginning and end of the experiment to evaluate and compare some parameters related to fertility, highlighting the increase in organic matter from one year to another in all areas studied. The species managed high survival rate, as xique-xique (100 %) in agriculture. These plants reached indexes formation of biomass, with the emphasis on spineless cactus that hit 2.66,25 g/green plant matter and 398.33 g/plant dry weight at 720 DAP in the area of reservoir road. The highest rates of flowering and fruiting xique-xique occurred in the mining area, reaching 45 % and 43.3 % respectively at 720 DAP. The most significant percentage of root of all cultures studied was the macambira in agriculture where it reached 65.50 g/plant fresh weight and 30.08 g/plant dry weight at 720 DAP. In degraded areas studied species demonstrated good potential to become an effective tool in the design of biological recovery.