Análise da organização de empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, em rede, enquanto estratégia de inclusão socioeconômica

Abstract

The Recyclable Material Collectors' Enterprises face several challenges in the management of their businesses. The Cata PB Solidarity Marketing Network was developed with the aim of overcoming commercialization to intermediaries and sharing experiences between the Paraíba State Enterprises. The Network organization favors economic, social, environmental and operational performance, constituting itself as a socioeconomic inclusion strategy for the category. In this perspective, this research analyzed five Enterprises of Collectors of Recyclable Materials organized in the Rede Cata PB, in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba. The quantitative research analyzed performance from the perspective of multiple criterion (economic, social, environmental and operational), based on the Decision Support Method: Preference Ranking Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE II). Qualitative research took place through participatory research, interviews and questionnaires used. The Ranking of the alternatives presented the global order of performance: A, C, B, D and E, according to the Decision Makers. In the economic dimension, there was a per capita income of R$ 479.80 (average / monthly), a result lower than the minimum wage in force at the time of the study. In the Social Dimension, there was an average of 18 years in the recyclable materials collector profession (A and C), in addition to the female role in the management of the studied enterprises. In the Environmental Dimension, during the research, an expressive amount of recyclable materials was collected monthly: paper (51.08t), plastic (11.2t), metal (3.8t) glass (0.17t) and other materials (0.61t). While 802 tonnes of recyclable materials were collected over a period of one year. With several positive impacts on the environment, including savings of: 3,033.33 Megawatts of electricity; 58,872 m3 of water; 18.3 spared trees; 53.5 tons of bauxite; and 5,529.22 barrels of oil, in the production of paper, plastic and aluminum. The enterprises of recyclable material collectors, according to data obtained and presented in this work, guarantee that the recyclable materials are destined for the productive sector, favoring their reuse and / or recycling, in substitution to virgin raw material. Above all, they prevent natural resources from becoming waste. However, the performance in the Rede Cata PB, although it has positive impacts on the organization, has not proved to be sufficient to improve the performance of the Enterprises and guarantee the socioeconomic inclusion of the category. It is pointed out as a possible justification, the non-effectiveness of the Rede Cata PB, due to the scenario of destabilization of the Solidarity Economy in Brazil, during the studied period. Therefore, marketing to intermediaries (level I) persists, plus the absence of adequate infrastructure and equipment to carry out its activities. However, recyclable material collectors continue to fight for better working conditions and effective public policies, especially Law 12.305/10, in order to obtain paid employment that enables them, socioeconomic inclusion and, therefore, better quality of life. The work carried out by the Recyclable Material Collectors' Enterprises in the management of urban solid waste, avoids excessively, the pollution on the natural resources, reducing the contamination in the terrestrial, aquatic, atmospheric, industrial and urban systems.