Política ambiental indigenista e a gestão dos recursos naturais: a comissão nacional de política indigenista sob análise e seus reflexos locais.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the Brazilian indigenous environmental policies from the advent of the Federal Constitution of 1988, Law n. 12.593 / 2012 (which established the Multi-Year Plan for the Protection and Promotion of Indigenous Peoples) and Decree n. 7747/2012 (which established the National Policy for Environmental Management in Indigenous Lands). The study starts from the idea that the management of natural resources on indigenous lands is directly related to the variety of interests of different actors able to influence decisions concerning the formulation of environmental policies in Brazil. The Brazilian indigenous environmental policy, in turn, in recent years, has been heavily discussed within the National Commission for Indigenous Policy - NCIP, created in 2006, with the scope to address the full possession of the territories, recognition of indigenous autonomy, promotion of indigenous social participation and recognition of the peculiar ways of the Indians to relate with nature. The study was based on discourse analysis as methodological procedure necessary to understand speech of social actors participating in meetings of the NCIP, which show in his speeches social conceptions, political and ideological on Brazil's indigenous policy. From this understanding, it was found that the main discussion points addressed by the Indians in the meetings of the NCIP between the years 2011 and 2015, refer to the urgent need for restructuring of FUNAI – Fundaction Indigenous Nation, strengthening indigenous social participation in decision making and creation effective environmental management mechanisms to protect the territories and natural resources essential to the physical and spiritual survival; while the government bench in the same period, he held a speech with developmental bias, which recognizes the rights of indigenous peoples enshrined in legal and international instruments, subject to the country's economic development. In this regard, it is concluded that a set of marketing-capitalist factors reinforces the maintenance of rights denial of process to which indigenous peoples are subjected since the colonial period, justifying the creation of consistent public policies that recognize the indigenous leadership.