Estudo espaço temporal da degradação ambiental e uso das terras da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Bodocongó.

Abstract

The Bodocongó dam is located in the city of Campina Grande in the Agreste Paraibano mesoregion, it was built in 1917 at the confluence of the river Bodocongó with the river Caracóis, aiming to increase the availability of water supply for the municipality. This work aimed to study the environmental degradation throughout the basin hydraulic reservoir whose area encompasses the municipalities of Campina Grande, Puxinanã and Montadas which has suffered degradation due to the invasion of areas of permanent protection of riparian deforestation, urbanization pressure among others. GIS techniques and digital processing of satellite images were used for the study. Timeline of environmental degradation study was conducted throughout the watershed area between the period 1989 and 2014, seeking to understand the full dynamics of degradation occurred in the basin over the years. The results were obtained from the spatiotemporal study using LANDSAT 5 and 8 satellite images complemented with census data revealing that the area along the hydraulic basin is highly degraded by anthropogenic activities, with high siltation affecting the water volume of the reservoir that has a reduced water tower mirror of 32.87% in just 23 years.The comparative analysis of land use classes indicates that there was an increase of 1.29 km2 for the class of dense vegetation. It is important to observe an increase in exposed soil areas of 4.92 km2. The comparative analysis of levels of land degradation shows an increase in class land degradation considered low around 2 km2, moderate low has an area of 16.0 km2 and 4.0 km2 moderate with respect to severe degradation presented an increase of 6.75 km2. The study of environmental perception proves the lack of information of the population about the environmental theme signaling the absence of public policies to address the problem.