Análise da cobertura vegetal do bairro das nações e sua impotância ecológica para Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

The present study deals with afforestation in Bairro das Nações, a neighborhood located in Campina Grande, Paraiba. The finding of large amount of existing trees in its arteries, compared to other neighborhoods in the city, drove the decision to conduct a more detailed study. Bairro das Nações was analyzed for better visualization and understanding of its green mass, verifying the vegetation index comparatively between the years 1989 and 2013. Through a tree inventory, existing tree species were identified, as well as the number of present families, the proportion of native and exotic trees, conditions of phytosanitation, type of canopy and the incidence of mechanical injuries. It was proven that its afforestation meets standards to those established by who which prescribe a green area of 12 m² per inhabitant, which is equivalent to two trees per individual. Moreover, area with formation of urban forest was then cataloged. Through this study, it was also possible to establish the relationship between the trees and the presence of wildlife in the urban area, especially the avifauna, wherein 20 species of birds have been identified. The involvement of residents and a team of workers concerning the appreciation and conservation of trees in the neighborhood, in acts of planting, fertilization, irrigation and cleaning was also noted. Therefore, this study confirms and consolidates the ecological importance of afforestation in Bairro das Nações for Campina Grande, demonstrating its benefits to a better quality of life, extenuation of environmental temperature and decrease of pollution. Furthermore, it confirms the need for involvement and awareness of residents in initiatives regarding environmental conservation.