Vulnerabilidade socioambiental e expansão urbana: análise do município de Solânea-PB.

Abstract

The city is the consequence of a series of social, economic, cultural, environmental and political implications that are associated with existing demographic processes that can generate vulnerabilities and risks. Therefore, the study of socio-environmental vulnerability in the urban context is fundamental to analyze factors related to quality and living conditions in cities. This work aims to analyze the contributions of the process of urban expansion to the level of socio - environmental vulnerability of the city of Solânea - PB, for this, it is important to use methodologies that allow the measurement of social and environmental vulnerability. For this work was used the General Index of Socioenvironmental Vulnerability by Neighborhood - IGVSB, methodology developed by Mayor (2014), with adaptation for the IBGE census sectors to meet the reality of the city of Solânea. The method employed consists of bibliographic research aggregated to an exploratory investigation, data surveys and application of the IGVSSC. The IGVSSC uses three languages: the quantitative, the cartographic and the qualitative. For IGVSB generation, it has previously produced the two basic indices of the methodology: the Socioeconomic Vulnerability by Neighborhoods - IVSB and the Environmental Vulnerability by Neighborhoods - IVAB. The results of the research considered that this relationship between the social dynamics and its location in the city, directly influence the response capacity of the urban population of Solânea to harmful socioenvironmental events. Socio-spatial segregation directed the most vulnerable population to sectors with risks of landslides, erosion and flooding as demonstrated by the socio-environmental vulnerability of the city of Solânea. The adaptation of the IGVSB to the census tracts of IBGE makes it possible to apply the General Index of Social and Environmental Vulnerability to all Brazilian municipalities.