O trabalho familiar camponês e o Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil - PETI.

Abstract

After the enactment of the Children and Adolescents in 1990, the issue of child labor has gained public visibility, both in the media, as in academia and in the space of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The perverse forms of exploitation of labor of thousands of children have led the creation of a government program that has the goal of eradication. It was with this purpose that came the Eradication of Child Labor-PETI. However, despite the efforts of social groups that engage in combat and eradicate child labor, the reality has shown the existence of a significant number of children and adolescents who are in a situation of labor exploitation. This finding led us to reflect on and question what are the real factors constituting the social problem. A question posed to us was that child labor could not be thought of as generalizing, ie, considering only the conditions of child labor that are condemned, which are in exploitation levels historically and culturally unacceptable. In our perception, understanding this phenomenon requires both a study of the structure of labor relations in which they are subject not only children but also their families, and the analysis of the system of values and socially constructed representations of the work on childhood adolescence and poor in our country. Also, realize that while there is an academic research on child labor, there is still a gap with regard to child labor in rural households. It was from these issues and concerns that we decided to conduct a study in which we could analyze what were the views of families on child labor and on PETI. To this end, we conducted a literature review and field research on the peasant way of life, child labor and Eradication of Child Labor-PETI. The survey was conducted in a peasant family production area, called Aningas Site, located in the region of Massaranduba Agreste of Borborema, Paraíba. This study showed that families perceive child labor as a form of socialization, training, transmission of values and knowledge that will enable the formation of worthy men and women, which will form the heirs not only of material goods, but especially a peasant way of life. The families represent the PETI positively, mainly by the increase in family income and believe that this program may be more a possibility of training for their children, as well as school. On the other hand, it was observed that the life plan designed by families for children is at odds with the proposals of PETI when it comes to child labor.