Avaliação da biodegradação de copos descartáveis de polipropileno (PP) e produção de enzimas celulolíticas e ligninolíticas por Psilocybe castanella (CCIBt 2781) na fermentação semissólida.

Abstract

One way to remedy urban pollutants such as plastic polymers, would be the use of biotechnological processes that exploit the ability of decomposing micro-organisms produce enzymes in the presence of substrates that have appropriate inducing sources, like basidiomycete fungi of the genus substrates as lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the potential of coconut husk and commercial soy flour, bran straw corn and cane sugar as substrates in the production of laccase and CMCase by semisolid fermentation (SSF) Psilocybe castanella (CCIBt 2781) microorganism as the fermentation agent, as well as to evaluate the degradation of pieces of polypropylene cups by this basidiomycete with and without interference from inorganic and organic mediators. The fungus was previously grown on malt extract agar (MEA) 2% and inoculated in substrates bran straw corn with crushed sugar cane bagasse and coconut husk with commercial soy flour in the proportions adequate to obtain C/N 90 and mediators, vegetable oil, Tween 80 and Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR). During cultivation for 60 days were analyzed, the enzymatic activities of laccase and carboxymethylcellulase, besides the degradation of plastics by polymer mass loss, MEV and DRX. The highest activity of laccase occurred around the 15th day of fermentation (95.67 UL-1), containing bagasse coconut husk as carbon source and soybean as nitrogen source, under the action of mediators tween and RBBR. To the substrate from corn and sugarcane, the highest activity was 69.77 UL-1 in 30 days, using tween as a mediator. The largest production of CMCase was 0.29 U/g, for the substrate from corn and sugarcane and 0.22 U/g substrate containing bagasse in the coconut husk and commercial soy flour. All samples analyzed by MEV and DRX were subjected to incubation with both substrates showed changes in the surfaces of polymers, indicated by grooves, grooves and holes. These results show that bioconversion of waste materials through this work semisolid fermentation (SSF) is a feasible way of obtaining the enzymes lignocellulolytic way, besides the positive relationship between the degradation of synthetic polymers (PP) and enzymatic activity.