Identificação e Análise dos Impactos Ambientais Causados Pela Rodovia PB-400: trecho de Conceição-PB a Santa Inês-PB.

Abstract

In this study, the objective was to identify and analyze the environmental impacts caused by the highway PB-400: from Conceição-PB to Santa Inês-PB city. The methodology implemented in study, consisting of bibliographical researches, site visits, photo documentation, visits to responsible organs, use of geoprocessing tools and environmental impact assessment methods. The activities in each implementation phase (planning, implantation and operation) have been described to the highway. The simplified environmental diagnosis was elaborated through field visits, the use of digital photographs and spatial data. For the identification and analysis of the environmental impacts of the highway, three methods were used: Ad Hoc, Check List, Matrix of Interaction. From the results, 27 activities were obtained, identifying 37 environmental aspects and 99 environmental impacts distributed in the three phases of implementation of the project. In the implantation phase, 68,34% of the environmental impacts were obtained, with 17,34% in the operation phase and 15,30% in the planning phase, respectively. The implantation phase was also the one that obtained the most of the significant. Preventive, mitigating and compensatory control measures were proposed for the negative impacts and maximization measures for the positive impacts. The most important measures were: reallocate the population to environments with a better quality of life; avoid unnecessary removal of material and reforest the affected area; recover a natural drainage after conclusion of the work; avoid unnecessary deforestation, especially in Permanent Protection Areas; and hire technicians and labor safety engineer to supervise and implement projects to reduce the risk of accidents at work. The main plans and programs were: Accident prevention program; Natural resources recovery program; Environmental education program; and Road restoration plan. From the results obtained in this study, it is expected that the control measures and the environmental plans and programs can be applied to prevent or reduce the significant impacts in the area of influence of the highway.