Avaliação dos impactos ambientais adversos na Área de Proteção Ambiental Gruta dos Brejões/Vereda do Romão Gramacho no estado da Bahia.

Abstract

In this work, the objective was to make an adverse environmental impacts assessment in the Environmental Protection Area called Gruta dos Brejões/Vereda do Romão Gramacho in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The methodology consisted of field visits, bibliographic searches, photographic records and the use of geoprocessing tools. The georeferencing and cataloging of anthropic activities was carried out in the area of influence of the study. A simplified environmental diagnosis was elaborated and environmental impacts were identified through methods of environmental impact assessment (Ad Hoc, Check Lists and Matrix of Interaction), among which were selected and classified the significant impacts. Subsequently, environmental control measures and environmental plans and programs were proposed. It was noted that the environmental components most affected were the waters of the Jacaré River and its riparian forest, soil, flora, rocks and speleothems. A total of 14 anthropogenic activities and 235 environmental impacts have been found, among which 58.3% were "not significant", 23.8% "significant" and 17.9% "very significant". It was verified that the activities that most entailed environmental impacts were: deforestation, irrigation and agriculture respectively. Among the environmental control measures indicated, the following stand out: environmental zoning; Effective environmental management of the Environmental Protection Area; to make the periodically monitor the quality of surface water and groundwater; Remove graffiti on rocks and speleothems; Promote the recovery of degraded areas; Environmental recovery of the Jacaré River. The main plans and programs proposed were: Environmental control and management program; Program of containment of erosive processes and recovery of degraded areas; and Water quality monitoring program.