Perfil epidemiológico das crianças atendidas no hospital infantil de Cajazeiras- PB.

Abstract

The main causes of child hospitalization in Brazil are due to infectious and parasitic diseases and diseases of the respiratory system, studies show that acute respiratory infections are responsible for 12.2% of all deaths in children under five, diarrhea and responsible currently for about 8% of the total number of deaths among minors of the same age group, and that mortality is nine times higher in the northeast than in the south. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of children seen at the children's hospital in Cajazeiras - PB, as well as to list the main causes of hospitalization in children aged 0 to 2 years, identifying the prevalence of diseases according to sex and age, relating length of hospital stay, conditions and reason for discharge. For this purpose, a documentary study was used, with a descriptive quantitative and exploratory approach, using data recorded in HIO hospitalization records, with a sample of 160 children aged 0 to 2 years of both sexes, hospitalized in the period from January to August 2009. The results showed that of the hospitalized children, 58% were male and 42% female, the prevalent age group was 07 to 12 months of age, boys 20% and girls 12.5% . As for origin: sites (41%), Cajazeiras (37%) and other cities in the region (27%). The prevalent diagnoses grouped by the ICD: diseases of the respiratory system (46%), infectious and parasitic diseases (40%). The prevalence of the hospitalization period was 5 days with (91%). The conditions for leaving the hospital in the majority obtained the criterion of "improved" (87.5%), followed by the type of leaving by "Discharged" (87.5%). Deaths (4%), prevalent cause of death, according to medical diagnosis: Acute Amoebic Diarrhea (1.9%). Prevalence of diseases in children aged 0 to 11: (51%) of children under 1 year of age are affected by diseases of the respiratory system, followed by infectious and parasitic diseases with (35%). Prevalence of diseases in children aged 12 to 24 months: in this age group, diseases of the respiratory system tend to have a lower occurrence (40%), however at an increase compared to the previous age group of infectious and parasitic diseases (48%). By determining the profile of the children seen at the HIC, it is possible to infer that the childcare policies advocated by the Ministry of Health can contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as the respiratory system, which have been shown to be relevant. in children under two years. The results of this study may support reflections on the part of HIC health professionals, as well as professionals from other locations, where the children came from, regarding the determining factors that contribute to child morbidity and hospitalization in this hospital. So, what is lacking is a concentrated effort in the organization of assistance to the child population, covering from the first care, in the basic health units, to the specialized care of the most serious cases, which require hospitalization in the media and high complexity units.