Controle alternativo de fungos em sementes de Gossypium hirsutum L. e efeitos na qualidade fisiológica.

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is affected by several diseases that, for the most part, are transmitted by seeds, resulting in significant losses in production. Thus, seed treatment becomes an essential parameter in the management and control of these diseases. The objective was to determine the sanitary and physiological quality of two cotton seed lots Lot 1: Cultivar BRS Aroeira and lot 2: Cultivar BRS 416, both submitted to treatments with essential oils of Pimpinella anisum L., Mentha piperita L., and Dianthus caryophyllus L. in concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% and aseptic treatment in different combinations. In all tests, the control corresponded only to the immersion of the seeds in ADE. For treatments that used essential oils, the seeds were immersed for 5 minutes in the treatments and the fungicide applied directly to the surface of the seeds. The design used was completely randomized. Regarding the efficiency of essential oils used for seed treatment, The essential oils of Mentha piperita L. and Dianthus caryophyllus L. in concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% are effective in reducing fungi: Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Periconia sp ;. The fungus Fusarium sp. it was reduced when Pimpinella anisum L. and Mentha piperita L. oils were used in concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% ;. The use of sodium hypochlorite in concentrations of 1 and 3% is effective in reducing Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Periconia sp; Fusarium sp. Regarding the efficiency of essential oils on the physiological quality of cotton seeds, essential oils of Fennel and Mint in concentrations of 2 and 3%, and Cloves at 1.2 and 3%, showed a positive result providing an increase in the number of First count (CP), germinated seeds (GER), Aerial Part Length (CPA), Root Length (CPR) and Seedling Length (CPL) and reduced the number of dead SM seeds. However, initially, the concentrations of 2 and 3% of the Essential Oil of Mint would be the most indicated for the sanitary treatment and physiological qualities of the cotton seeds.