Localização de faltas em sistemas de transmissão utilizando a teoria das ondas viajantes: validação em tempo real via RTDS.

Abstract

By enabling the transportation of electric energy - from generation to consumer centers - transmission lines (TL) have an extremely important role for the electric power systems, because they make possible the transportation of electric energy to the final destination. Due to their large extensions, the transmission lines are quite susceptible to the occurrence of disturbances provocated by natural causes such as, for example, atmospheric discharges and short circuits, popularly called faults and considered as the most disturbing type of disturbance for the electrical system. The energy companies seek to perform the analysis and location of these defects in a fast and continuous way, so it is extremely important to promote studies of efficient methods for locating faults and for the development and improvement of these techniques. It is possible to observe the clear difficulty of locating faults in long transmission lines when an initial estimate of the defect site is not available, so this project aims to carry out an evaluation and implementation of the method based on the theory of traveling waves for the location of faults in transmission lines in a real time simulation tool, RTDSTM (Real Time Digital Simulator), acquired by the UFCG. For the validation of the method, different situations were considered, such as angle of incidence, fault point, type of fault and fault resistance, thus verifying the efficiency of the method under different conditions. The results of the fault location simulations were classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory, depending on the observed error levels. The simulations proved the efficiency of the method studied, providing an estimate of the fault location in the occurrence of disturbances.