Sofrimento mental de mulheres em isolamento social em tempos de pandemia pela COVID-19.

Abstract

With the pandemic context caused by the disease COVID-19, control and prevention measures started to be adopted worldwide due to its high transmissibility, among them the most adopted was social distance, causing impacts on the daily lives of individuals and families, mainly stress and mental suffering in the home environment for most self isolated people. Women are the most impacted, because in addition to routine changes, household chores have increased, so they bear the toughest physical and emotional costs. The level of mental suffering of women who are responsible for the care of the home is linked to factors that condition or aggravate this state, requiring the construction of actions that recognize the needs of these women and contemplate with an interventionist assistance seeking well-being mental and physical, and balance in the family and professional environment. Objective: To analyze characteristics related to the possible mental suffering of women in social isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, exploratory type, using the Virtual Snowball methodological technique, snowball adaptation based on the state of Paraíba. The material was collected between January and February 2021, virtually through a questionnaire, with an exponential sample of women from Paraíba who met the inclusion criteria, that is, a non probabilistic sample. Then, data collection was performed using instruments to assess possible mental suffering. 138 women from different regions of Paraíba participated in the study. The results were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, and later described and analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0, Pearson's chi-square test was used, with a Significance Level of 5%. Results: After statistical analysis, a significant association (p <= 0.010) of possible mental suffering with the fact of being confined to someone else is observed. Regarding the other study variables, no statistical association was demonstrated, but there was a higher prevalence of possible suffering among respondents with the following characteristics: 20 to 35 years old (57.7%), who declared themselves black (75%), of religion spiritist (70%), divorced (61.5%), who have completed high school (83.3%), responsible for the home (54.2%), who have children (55.6%), who do not have a paid occupation (55.6%), family income less than 1 minimum wage and 3 to 4 minimum wages (69.2%), are the main family income (56.6%), and those who declared not to be active physical (54.8%), not smoking (51.9%), not or rarely consuming alcoholic beverages (57.9%) and those that increased food consumption (57.7%). Final Considerations: All women are vulnerable to the risk of possible mental suffering during pandemic confinement, but we can foresee some characteristics that point out greater vulnerability of some in relation to others. Thus, there is a glimpse of the possibilities of the health teams, especially Nursing, to outline strategies together with the other devices of the care network to offer the necessary care to these women during and after this pandemic moment.