Estudo dos sistemas de distribuição visando a simplificação do cálculo das perdas técnicas e diminuição das perdas não técnicas de energia elétrica.

Abstract

The electrical system is composed of three other systems: electric power generation, transmission and distribution systems. The distribution system is divided into a primary system, which is comprised of step-down substations to distribution transformers, and a secondary system, which occurs from distribution transformers to low voltage consumers. The processes of generation and transportation of electric energy are inextricably linked to losses. As to their origin, losses can be classified into technical losses and non-technical or commercial losses. Technical losses occur due to the physical aspects involved in the process of generation and transportation of electricity, while non-technical losses occur due to fraud and theft of energy under the responsibility of the utilities. Losses can generally be viewed as a large consumer who does not bear his utility bill, and this amount is then passed on to legal energy consumers, embedded in their tariffs, within regulatory limits established by the utility. National Agency of Electric Energy - ANEEL. The concessionaires and ANEEL need the values of technical losses and, as a result, can estimate the values of non-technical losses. Power loss calculation cannot always be used because distributors do not always have the necessary data to do so. Thus, more simplistic methods are needed for these calculations. Trade losses can be estimated by subtracting technical losses from total losses. Techniques such as sweeping operations in certain predetermined areas are not said to be effective in detecting and combating commercial losses. Measures are sought to prevent and combat such losses, such as centralized measurement systems, for example.