Mercado de trabalho brasileiro: um estudo da variação ocupacional entre 2012-2020.

Abstract

Work is the production factor that enables human beings to transform nature in order to adapt it to the formation of goods and services that have the provision of satisfying human needs and desires. Like all commodities, labor makes up a specific market, where the supply is made by workers, the demand by employers, and its price is expressed by the value of the wage. It should be noted that, just like human and social existence, the labor market is not static, having undergone profound changes in the last decade, especially in Brazil. Within this context, this study aimed to analyze the changes that occurred in the Brazilian labor market between 2012-2020, especially considering changes in the employed population considering aspects by category, employability profile, economic sector and income. The theme was chosen because of the importance that the labor market has for the economy and national development. Methodologically, the study is positioned as descriptive, exploratory, bibliographic and documentary (based on the information contained in the Continuous National Household Sample Survey - Continuous PNAD - conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE). The comparative results for the period (2012-2020), in turn, showed an additional 3.346 million people in the Economically Active Population (PEA), a decrease of 3.011 million people employed and an increase of 6.357 million unemployed. In terms of income, the best average monthly earnings were with workers allocated in the public sector with a formal contract and among the military and statutory civil servants. As a conclusion, there was a depreciation of employment and a real low evolution of income earned by both formal and informal workers.