Consequências do funcionamento da Usina Termelétrica Borborema S.A. para a região metropolitana de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The air pollutants of thermoelectric power plants negatively affect human health, soil, water bodies, buildings, flora and fauna. Thus, this form of electric energy generation, generates effluents that cause damages to the environment, bringing negative environmental impacts. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the operation of a Thermoelectric Plant located in the metropolitan region of Campina Grande-PB. Through an exploratory field study, a variety of methodologies were used to identify the species of the local ornitofauna, to inventory the tree species and to evaluate the vegetal gas exchanges, besides using environmental sensors to determine the instantaneous levels of the chemical compounds CO2, CO, SO2, noise, air temperature, relative air humidity, dew point temperature, wind speed and plant luminescence, in the surroundings of Usina Termelétrica Energética Borborema S.A. and a sample area; and, through the Aermod View software, to simulate the dispersion concentrations of the sources emitting the Thermoelectric Plant. Thus, twenty-nine bird species belonging to 21 families were recorded; and, for the tree inventory, the main species found were Combretum glaucocarpum, Croton sonderianus, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Mimosa tenuiflora; as well as the analyzes of the gas exchanges performed by LCpro +, it was verified that the maximum values of transpiration were recorded at the point (P600), and the Ziziphus joazeiro species was responsible for the highest recorded value; in relation to the use of environmental sensors to monitor air quality, was proved to be a fundamental tool to verify changes in the environment of the Borborema thermoelectric plant S.A.; in the modeling with Aermod View, it was verified that in the concentrations of NO2, the indexes reached about five times greater than the primary standard established by CONAMA 03/90. In this way, the results associated to the methodological procedures used together, are characterized as effective for evaluation and monitoring of environmental impacts for the installation and operation of Thermoelectric and other polluting industries.